Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Tuma J[original query] |
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Evaluation of the Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance indicators in Zambia from 2015-2021: a retrospective analysis
Bessing B , Dagoe EA , Tembo D , Mwangombe A , Kanyanga MK , Manneh F , Matapo BB , Bobo PM , Chipoya M , Eboh VA , Kayeye PL , Masumbu PK , Muzongwe C , Bakyaita NN , Zomahoun D , Tuma JN . BMC Public Health 2023 23 (1) 2227 BACKGROUND: The resurgence of poliovirus infection in previously polio free regions and countries calls for renewed commitment to the global polio eradication efforts including strengthening of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance systems. Zambia is one of the countries substantially at risk for the importation of poliovirus infection from neighbouring countries including Malawi, Mozambique, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study describes a seven-year AFP surveillance, assesses the surveillance indicators, and highlights areas for improvement. METHODS: We conducted retrospective analysis of the routinely collected AFP surveillance data from January 2015 to December 2022. The AFP surveillance indicators performance was assessed using the World Health Organisation's recommended minimum AFP surveillance indicators performance. RESULTS: Cumulatively, a total of 1715 AFP cases were reported over the study period. More than half, 891 (52%) of reported cases were aged < 5 years with 917 (53.5%) of males. More than half, 1186 (69.2%) had fever at onset, 718 (41.9%) had asymmetric paralysis and 1164 (67.9%) had their paralysis progressed within 3 days of onset. The non-polio AFP rate ranges from 3.4 to 6.4 per 100,000 children < 15 years old and stool adequacy ranging from 70.9% to 90.2% indicating sensitive surveillance with late detection of cases. The percentage of cases with early stool collection, timely transportation was above the World Health Organisation (WHO) minimum of 80% but with declining proportion of stools arriving in the laboratory in optimal condition. Completeness of 60-days follow-up evaluation was suboptimal ranging from 0.9% to 28.2%. CONCLUSION: The AFP surveillance system in Zambia is doing well. However, additional efforts are needed to improve early detection of cases; stool sample collection, transportation and monitoring to ensure arrival in good condition in the laboratory; and improve 60-days follow-up evaluation for evidenced-based classification of inadequate AFP cases and proper care. |
Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication - Worldwide, 2019-2020.
Tuma JN , Wilkinson AL , Diop OM , Jorba J , Gardner T , Snider CJ , Anand A , Ahmed J . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (18) 667-673 When the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established in 1988, an estimated 350,000 poliomyelitis cases were reported worldwide. In 2020, 140 wild poliovirus (WPV) cases were confirmed, representing a 99.99% reduction since 1988. WPV type 1 transmission remains endemic in only two countries (Pakistan and Afghanistan), but outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) occurred in 33 countries during 2019-2020 (1,2). Poliovirus transmission is detected primarily through syndromic surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) among children aged <15 years, with confirmation by laboratory testing of stool specimens. Environmental surveillance supplements AFP surveillance and plays an increasingly important role in detecting poliovirus transmission. Within 2 weeks of COVID-19 being declared a global pandemic (3), GPEI recommended continuing surveillance activities with caution and paused all polio supplementary immunization activities (4). This report summarizes surveillance performance indicators for 2019 and 2020 in 42 priority countries at high risk for poliovirus transmission and updates previous reports (5). In 2020, 48% of priority countries* in the African Region, 90% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and 40% in other regions met AFP surveillance performance indicators nationally. The number of priority countries rose from 40 in 2019 to 42 in 2020.(†) Analysis of 2019-2020 AFP surveillance data from 42 countries at high risk for poliovirus transmission indicates that national and subnational nonpolio AFP rates and stool specimen adequacy declined in many priority countries, particularly in the African Region, suggesting a decline in surveillance sensitivity and quality. The findings in this report can be used to guide improvements to restore a sensitive surveillance system that can track poliovirus transmission and provide evidence of interruption of transmission. |
A plan for community event-based surveillance to reduce Ebola transmission - Sierra Leone, 2014-2015
Crowe S , Hertz D , Maenner M , Ratnayake R , Baker P , Lash R , Klena J , Lee-Kwan SH , Williams C , Jonnie GT , Gorina Y , Anderson A , Saffa G , Carr D , Tuma J , Miller L , Turay A , Belay E . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015 64 (3) 70-3 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) was first detected in Sierra Leone in May 2014 and was likely introduced into the eastern part of the country from Guinea. The disease spread westward, eventually affecting Freetown, Sierra Leone's densely populated capital. By December 2014, Sierra Leone had more Ebola cases than Guinea and Liberia, the other two West African countries that have experienced widespread transmission. As the epidemic intensified through the summer and fall, an increasing number of infected persons were not being detected by the county's surveillance system until they had died. Instead of being found early in the disease course and quickly isolated, these persons remained in their communities throughout their illness, likely spreading the disease. |
Polio outbreak among nomads in Chad: outbreak response and lessons learned
Ndiaye SM , Ahmed MA , Denson M , Craig AS , Kretsinger K , Cherif B , Kandolo P , Moto DD , Richelot A , Tuma J . J Infect Dis 2014 210 Suppl 1 S74-84 BACKGROUND: In response to the 2011 and 2012 polio epidemic in Chad, Chad's Ministry of Public Health, with support from Global Polio Eradication Initiative partners, took steps to increase vaccination coverage of nomadic children with targeted polio campaigns. This article describes the strategies we used to vaccinate nomads in 3 districts of Chad. METHODS: Our targeted interventions involved using mobile vaccination teams, recruiting local nomads to identify settlements, using social mobilization, and offering vaccinations to children, women, and animals. RESULTS: Vaccination coverage of nomadic children 0-59 months of age increased, particularly among those never before vaccinated against polio. These increases occurred mostly in the intervention districts of Dourbali, from 2956 to 8164 vaccinated children, and Kyabe, from 7319 to 15 868. The number of first-time vaccinated nomadic children also increased the most in these districts, from 60 to 131 in Dourbali and from 1302 to 2973 in Kyabe. Coverage in the Massaguet district was only 37.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Our success was probably due to (1) appointment of staff to oversee implementation, (2) engagement of the national government and its partners, (3) participation of nomadic community leaders, (4) intersectoral collaboration between human and animal health services, and (5) flexibility and capacity of vaccinators to vaccinate when and where nomads were available. |
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